【by】的翻译、意思

时间: 2024-12-29 17:36:17

【by】怎么读

美：[baɪ]

英：[baɪ]

【by】是什么意思、字义解释

1. prep. 通过；被；依据；经由；在附近；在……之前

2. adv. 通过；经过；附近；[互联网] 白俄罗斯的国家代码顶级域名

【by】等级考试

CET4   TEM4   

【by】的详细解释

英文单词学*与分析：[by]

1. 基本定义：

  • 字面意思：
    • “by” 是一个介词，表示在某物旁边、经过、通过、依据、按照等含义。
  • 词性：
    • 主要用作介词，也可以用作副词。

2. 词源与起源：

  • 词源分析：

    • “by” 源自古英语“bī”，意指“旁边”或“在……旁边”。该词与德语“bei”（意味着“在……旁边”）和荷兰语“bij”有相同的根源。

  • 历史背景：

    • “by”的首次使用可以追溯到古英语时期（约公元450年），被广泛用作表示位置和方式的介词。

  • 课本：

    • 在**的教材中，通常在小学或者初中英语教材中出现。
    • 在牛津和美国的教材中，通常在初级和中级的英语学*阶段中出现，尤其是在讲解介词的章节。

3. 使用场景：

  • 正式与非正式语境：

    • 在正式语境中，“by”常用于法律文件、学术文章，如：“The contract was signed by both parties.”
    • 在非正式语境中，常用于日常对话中，如：“I live by the park.”

  • 特殊场合：

    • 在法律领域，“by”常用于表示代理，如：“The document was signed by the attorney.”
    • 在科学领域，常用来表示方法或手段，如：“The experiment was conducted by using a new technique.”

4. 示例句子：

  1. She lives by the river.
    她住在河边。

  2. The book was written by an unknown author.
    这本书是由一位不知名的作者写的。

  3. Please submit your report by Friday.
    请在周五之前提交你的报告。

  4. He traveled by train.
    他乘火车旅行。

  5. This painting was created by Van Gogh.
    这幅画是梵高创作的。

*. The decision was made by the committee.
这个决定是由委员会做出的。

  1. She was standing by the door.
    她站在门旁。

  2. The project was completed by a team of experts.
    该项目是由一个专家团队完成的。

  3. He walked by without noticing me.
    他在没有注意到我的情况下走过。

  4. The song was performed by a famous singer.
    这首歌是由一位著名歌手演唱的。

5. 同义词与反义词：

  • 同义词：

    • beside：更强调位置的邻近。
    • near：通常用于表示距离，但不一定是直接的邻近。

  • 反义词：

    • away from：表示远离某个地方或物体。

. 学方法：

  • 音标记忆法：

    • 学“by”的发音 /baɪ/，可以联想“buy”（买），通过反复练发音来加深记忆。

  • 词根记忆法：

    • 记住“by”与位置、方向相关的含义，可以通过使用例句进行巩固。

7. 关联词汇：

  • by law（按法律），
  • by chance（偶然），
  • by means of（通过），
  • by the way（顺便说一下），
  • by oneself（独自）。

通过上述分析，我们能够更全面地理解和使用“by”这个单词。

【by】例句

1、[PREP] If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it. 被

  1. 例：The feast was served by his mother and sisters.宴席由他的母亲和姐妹们招待。

  2. 例：I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism.我为他们的无礼和职业精神的缺乏所震惊。

2、[PREP] If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it. 由…创作

  1. 例：A painting by Van Gogh has been sold in New York for more than eighty-two million dollars.一幅由梵高创作的画在纽约卖到超过八千二百万美元。

3、[PREP] If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing. 以…方式

  1. 例：If you're travelling by car, ask whether there are parking facilities nearby.如果你开汽车旅行，问问附近是否有停车设施。

4、[[PREP -ing]] If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing. 通过

  1. 例：Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan.通过将乳酪和高汤一起放在平底锅里煮来制作调味料。

  2. 例：The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail round the world.全部由女性组成的游艇船员通过首次环球航行而创造了历史。

5、[PREP] You use by in phrases such as "by chance" or "by accident" to indicate whether or not an event was planned. 由于

  1. 例：I met him by chance out walking yesterday.昨天出去散步时我无意中遇到了他。

  2. 例：He opened Ingrid's letter by mistake.他误拆了英格丽德的信。

6、[[adj/n PREP n]] If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into. 就…而言

  1. 例：I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature.我的确幸运有一位仁慈的妻子，她天生富有爱心。

  2. 例：She's a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women.她是护士出身，现在经营着一家针对女性的咨询服务公司。

7、[PREP] If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something is the case by particular standards, it is the case according to the standards. 根据

  1. 例：Pharmacists are required by law to give the medicine prescribed by the doctor.根据法律，药剂师被要求只配医生开列的药。

8、[PREP] If you say what someone means by a particular word or expression, you are saying what they intend the word or expression to refer to. 通过 (说某词或某话)

  1. 例：Stella knew what he meant by "start again."斯特拉知道他说“再次开始”是什么意思。

9、[PREP] If you hold someone or something by a particular part of them, you hold that part. 通过

  1. 例：He caught her by the shoulder and turned her around.他抓住她的肩膀，使她转过身。

  2. 例：She was led by the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor.她被抓着胳膊带到走廊另一头的一个小屋里。

10、[PHRASE] If you are by yourself, you are alone. 独自地

  1. 例：...a dark-haired man sitting by himself in a corner.…一个独自坐在角落里的、深色头发的男子。

11、[PHRASE] If you do something by yourself, you succeed in doing it without anyone helping you. 独立地

  1. 例：I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.我不知道是否能独立抚养一个孩子。

12、[PREP] Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it. 在…旁边

  1. 例：Judith was sitting in a rocking chair by the window.朱迪丝坐在窗边的摇椅上。

  2. 例：Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine.费利西蒂·马克斯韦尔站在吧台旁，叫了一杯葡萄酒。

13、[[ADV after v]] By is also an adverb. 在旁边

  1. 例：Large numbers of security police stood by.许多秘密警察站在旁边。

14、[[v PREP n]] If a person or vehicle goes by you, they move past you without stopping. 经过

  1. 例：A few cars passed close by me.几辆车从我近旁驶过。

15、[[ADV after v]] By is also an adverb. 经过

  1. 例：The bomb went off as a police patrol went by.炸弹在巡警队经过时爆炸了。

16、[PREP] If you stop by a place, you visit it for a short time. 暂时 (拜访)

  1. 例：We had made arrangements to stop by her house in Pacific Grove.我们已安排好顺道去她在太平洋路的家拜访。

17、[[ADV after v]] By is also an adverb. 暂时地

  1. 例：I'll stop by after dinner and we'll have that talk.晚餐后我会过来待会儿，我们可以谈谈那件事。

18、[PREP] If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time. 到…时; 在…之前

  1. 例：By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel.他八点前已到了我住的旅馆。

19、[PREP] If you do something by day, you do it during the day. If you do it by night, you do it during the night. 在…期间

  1. 例：By day a woman could safely walk the streets.白天，妇女可以安全地在街上走。

20、[[PREP num]] In arithmetic, you use by before the second number in a multiplication or division sum. 用于乘除法中

  1. 例：...an annual rate of 22.8 percent (1.9 multiplied by 12).…每年22.8％的比率（1.9乘以12）。

21、[[PREP num]] You use by to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feet by fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction. 表示面积尺寸

  1. 例：Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2½ metres.3名囚犯共住一间3米长2.5米宽的小牢房。

22、[[PREP amount]] If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost. (表示数量、程度等) 以…之差

  1. 例：Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year.暴力犯罪自去年以来已上升了10％。

23、[[PREP 'the' n]] Things that are made or sold by the million or by the dozen are made or sold in those quantities. 按…计算

  1. 例：Packages arrived by the dozen from America.成打的包裹从美国寄来。

24、[[n PREP n]] You use by in expressions such as "minute by minute" and "drop by drop" to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once. 表示循序渐进的速度

  1. 例：His father began to lose his memory bit by bit, becoming increasingly forgetful.他父亲的记忆力开始一点点衰退，变得越来越健忘。